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Education

Education Research Guide

The William L. Clements Library holds a variety of collections related to education, including instructional materials, materials related to the administration of schools, materials relating to the government’s role in public schooling, letters and notes from students and teachers discussing their experiences, photographs depicting students and school grounds, and children’s literature. Collections range from early childhood education to colleges and universities, and include public, private, and religious education. The Clements also holds multiple collections of papers from teachers running schools for freedmen.

Materials related to education come in a variety of formats. Manuscript collections include letters, administrative documents, speeches, diaries, problem and exercise books, cipher books, copybooks, and notebooks. Printed matter includes primers, readers, periodicals, instructional booklets, textbooks, and books on education and schooling. Other materials include photographs, student maps, board games, and realia.

This research guide is intended to offer a broad overview of holdings at the Clements Library related to education. It is meant as a starting point for researchers interested in this topic, not an exhaustive list of all relevant materials. If you have any questions about this guide or our holdings please contact us here.

The William L. Clements Library offers fellowships to help scholars access the Library’s rich primary source collections for research. There are a variety of fellowships available to support research projects related to education. Visit the Fellowships website for information regarding application information and deadlines.

Highlights from the Clements Collections

Horace Mann papers, 1823-1876 (majority within 1823-1857)

The papers of Horace Mann (1796-1859), lawyer, congressman, and educational reformer, contain correspondence and documents spanning his early legal career to the years before his death, as well as miscellaneous quotations, notes, and photographs. Mann wrote 12 annual reports, in which he propounded (among other subjects) the economic value of having an educated populace, the right of every child to an education, and the value of funding education through taxes.

Emily Howland papers, 1849-1974 (majority within 1850s-1920s)

This collection consists of letters, documents, writings, bound volumes, printed materials, original art, photographs, ephemera, and other materials related to the life and study of Emily Howland of Sherwood, New York, between 1849 and 1974. Howland worked to advance abolition, African American education, and women’s rights and suffrage. She was especially active in Freedmen’s relief and education in Virginia during and following the Civil War.

Weld-Grimké family papers, 1740-1930 (majority within 1825-1899)

The Weld-Grimké family papers consist of correspondence, diaries, notebooks, autobiographical documents, printed materials, photographs, realia, and newspaper clippings. The collection addresses such subjects as abolition, women’s rights, temperance, religion, education, and the lives of members of the Weld-Grimké family, including Sarah and Angelina Grimké and Theodore Weld. Materials of particular interest related to education include writings on Weld’s education and career as a schoolmaster, various family members’ educations, and the Grimké sisters’ belief in the importance of education for women.

Letters, Documents, & Other Manuscripts, Duane Norman Diedrich collection, 1595-2007 (majority within 1719-1945)

The Letters, Documents, and Other Manuscripts of the Duane Norman Diedrich Collection is a selection of individual items compiled by manuscript collector Duane Norman Diedrich (1935-2018) and the William L. Clements Library. The content of these materials reflect the life and interests of D. N. Diedrich, most prominently subjects pertinent to intellectual, artistic, and social history, education, speech and elocution, the securing of speakers for events, advice from elders to younger persons, and many others.

The New-England Primer Improved, or, An Easy and Pleasant Guide to the Art of Reading, Boston: 1792.

One of the most prominent early American schoolbooks. The Clements collection includes a sampling of more than twenty different editions from 1786 to the end of the nineteenth century.

Rewards of Merit Collection, ca. 1800-1900s (majority within 1830-1900)

The Rewards of Merit collection consists of approximately 815 hand-illustrated and printed rewards of merit originating in the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The practice of giving rewards of merit to school children and other young folk first began in the United States during the early 1600s. Handed out by instructors, these tokens encouraged school attendance, good behavior, and excellence in one’s studies. Rewards of merit at this time were largely handwritten and illustrated.

Calhoun Colored School Photograph Collection, ca. 1892-1894

The Calhoun Colored School photograph collection consists of 3 large format card-mounted photographs as well as a photo album containing approximately 202 photographs documenting people and activities at the Calhoun Colored School, a private primary and secondary school in Calhoun, Alabama, founded with support from Booker T. Washington.

Chilocco Indian School Collection, 1908-ca.1950

The Chilocco Indian School collection consists of 1 piece of realia, 1 school yearbook, 1 pamphlet, 1 manuscript, 1 graduation certificate, and 107 photographic images in various formats related to the Chilocco Indian School in northern Oklahoma.

American Presbyterian Shantung Mission photograph album, ca. 1923-1928

This photograph album contains 57 photographs of the Jinan Station of the American Presbyterian Shantung Mission from ca. 1923 to 1928. Many of the images show the Murray High School for Girls and its students. Young girls are shown in the school yard being led through routines and stretches, in class portraits, on a riverboat, and likely participating in May Day celebrations dancing around a maypole.

Ypsilanti State Normal School Photograph Album, 1876-1877

The Ypsilanti State Normal School photograph album contains 20 photographs of teachers and students associated with Ypsilanti State Normal School (now known as Eastern Michigan University).

Practical Mathematics manuscript, 1700s

The Practical Mathematics manuscript contains definitions and problems related to algebra, geometry, trigonometry, navigation, and surveying. Many of the problems are accompanied by illustrated figures and/or practical examples.

Davis H. Seamans cipher book, approximately 1800

This cipher book contains mathematics rules, examples, definitions, and exercises copied and completed by a student named Davis H. Seamans, possibly of Rhode Island, no earlier than 1800. The sections include the rule of three, tare and tret, conversions between currency, and trigonometry.

Gilbert-Rupley school notebooks, 1808-1840

This collection contains 7 school notebooks used by members of the Gilbert and Rupley families of Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, to practice penmanship and mathematics. Other items include poetry, a cover sheet, and loose pages from an account book.

Brayton W. Smith diary, 1867

The Brayton W. Smith diary includes daily entries detailing Smith’s experiences as a student at Beloit Academy in Beloit, Wisconsin, and at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, during 1867. His entries describe curricula, student life, studying habits, boarding houses, family matters, and his interest in baseball.

Mary Crawford Penmanship copybooks, 1898

This collection is made up of two slim, pre-printed “Common School Course” penmanship copybooks filled in by Mary Crawford in 1898. The volumes include printed pages of practice sheets and endpapers with printed charts of letter formations, summaries of content, principles, illustrations showing body and hand positioning, and example movement-drill exercises.

Subject Headings & Keywords

To find materials on education in our holdings, search by Subject Headings in our catalog or finding aids. We suggest combining search headings with other keywords of interest or relevance to your research. For example, subdivisioning a particular subject like “Medicine” or “Drawing” with “Study and teaching” (i.e. “Medicine — Study and teaching”) can provide resources on education related to the given topic. The following subject headings and keywords may be particularly productive as a starting point:

Subject Headings
  • African Americans--Education
  • Alumni and alumnae
  • Baccalaureate addresses
  • Boarding schools
  • Children’s stories
  • Christian education
  • Church and education
  • College students
  • Copybooks
  • Curricula
  • Education
  • Education, Higher
  • Education Collection
  • English language--Grammar
  • Faculty
  • Handbooks, manuals, etc.
  • Home economics.
  • Indians of North America--Education
  • Juvenile Literature
  • Mathematics
  • Military education
  • Moral education
  • Music--Instruction and study
  • Physical education and training
  • Primers (Instructional books)
  • Private schools
  • Problems, exercises, etc
  • Public schools
  • Readers
  • Religious education
  • School buildings
  • School children
  • School music
  • School songbooks
  • Schools
  • Spellers
  • Student maps
  • Study and teaching
  • Teachers
  • Textbooks
  • Thumb Bibles
  • Universities and colleges
  • University of Michigan
  • Women--Education
  • Women teachers
Keywords
  • Academy
  • American Education Society
  • Board of Education
  • Institute
  • Instruction
  • School district

Digital Resources

Last Updated 10/20/26